Colored pencils have long been a beloved tool for artists and hobbyists alike. Their versatility and range of colors allow for a spectrum of artistic expressions, making them a unique medium for both illustrators and casual doodlers. In this article, we’ll explore the different types of colored pencils, their applications, and tips for using them effectively, all while delving into the vibrant world of colored pencils.
The History of Colored Pencils
Colored pencils have a rich history that can be traced back centuries. Originally, artists used natural pigments mixed with a binding agent to create colored drawings. The modern colored pencil as we know it began to take shape in the early 19th century.
Early Developments
In 1803, a company in the UK developed the first colored pencils, primarily used for labeling and marking. Over time, they became popular with artists who appreciated the precision that the fine points allowed. As technology advanced, manufacturers began to refine the quality of the pigments and the binder used, leading to brighter colors and smoother application.
The Rise of Professional Colored Pencils
By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, brands like Faber-Castell and Prismacolor began producing high-quality colored pencils aimed specifically at artists. These tools featured rich pigments and were designed for blending and layering, opening new dimensions for artistic expression.
The evolution of colored pencils continues today, with innovations in formulation and production enabling the creation of superb quality tools that satisfy professional artists.
Different Types of Colored Pencils
Choosing the right colored pencils can make a significant difference in your artwork. There are several types of colored pencils on the market, each with unique characteristics.
Wax-Based Colored Pencils
Wax-based colored pencils are among the most popular and widely available. They are made with wax, allowing for a smooth application and vibrant colors. These pencils are excellent for layering and blending, making them suitable for various art projects. However, they can sometimes be challenging to erase due to the wax content.
Oil-Based Colored Pencils
Oil-based colored pencils contain oil as a binding agent, making them denser and smoother than their wax counterparts. They usually produce a satin finish and are less prone to breaking. These pencils are perfect for fine details and can be blended effortlessly. Many artists prefer oil-based colored pencils for techniques requiring precision.
Watercolor Colored Pencils
Watercolor colored pencils offer a unique twist to traditional colored crayons. When used dry, they behave like typical colored pencils, but once water is applied, they can be transformed into a beautiful watercolor wash. This versatility makes them a favorite among artists specializing in mixed media.
Specialty Colored Pencils
In addition to standard colored pencils, there are many specialty options available. These may include metallic, neon, or pastel pencils, which have unique finishes and effects, suitable for specific types of artwork.
Techniques for Using Colored Pencils
Using colored pencils may seem straightforward, but various techniques can help artists achieve different effects. Here are some techniques to explore the versatility of colored crayons.
Layering
Layering involves applying multiple layers of color to create depth and richness in your artwork. Start with light pressure to lay down the first layer, and gradually increase pressure as you add more colors. This technique is especially effective in achieving smooth transitions and gradients.
Blending
Blending helps soften harsh lines and creates smoother transitions between colors. You can blend colored crayons in various ways, such as using a blending stump, a cloth, or your fingers. Alternatively, you can use a colorless blender pencil to merge colors without altering their hues.
Burnishing
Burnishing is a technique used to create a smooth, polished surface by applying heavy pressure with a white or light color over your existing layers. This technique allows for vibrant colors and can give your artwork a professional finish.
Creating Textures
Colored pencils can also be used to create various textures in your art. Scrubbing the pencil on the paper can create rough textures, while applying more pressure can produce smooth, even areas. Experimenting with pressure and layering can lead to endless possibilities in texture.
Choosing the Right Paper
The type of paper used can significantly affect the outcome of your colored pencil artwork. Not all papers are created equal, and selecting the right surface is essential for achieving the desired effect.
Smooth Paper
Smooth paper allows colored crayons to glide effortlessly across the surface. This type is ideal for fine detail work and layering, as it provides a crisp finish. However, smooth paper may not hold up well to heavy blending or burnishing.
Textured Paper
Textured paper has a more pronounced surface, which can add depth and richness to your artwork. The grooves in the paper can trap pigments, making them excellent for blending. However, artists should keep in mind that too much texture can prevent fine detail work from being achieved.
Specialty Papers
Many manufacturers offer specialty papers designed specifically for colored crayons. These papers often combine the benefits of smooth and textured surfaces, allowing artists to explore various techniques while maintaining the integrity of their work.
Popular Colored Pencil Brands
When it comes to colored pencils, choosing the right brand is essential for achieving high-quality artwork. Here are some popular brands known for their exceptional colored crayons.
Prismacolor
Prismacolor is one of the most recognized brands, particularly among artists. Their colored crayons feature a soft core that lends itself well to blending and layering. Available in a wide range of colors, Prismacolor pencils are perfect for both beginner and professional artists.
Faber-Castell
Faber-Castell is renowned for producing high-quality art supplies. Their colored crayons, particularly the Polychromos line, are oil-based and perfect for achieving precise details. Artists appreciate their rich pigments and excellent lightfastness, ensuring that artwork retains its vibrancy over time.
Derwent
Derwent, a UK-based brand, offers a wide range of colored crayons, including watercolor and pastel options. Their pencils are known for their smooth application and high-quality pigments. Many artists choose Derwent for their versatility and product variety.
Caran d’Ache
Caran d’Ache is a Swiss label known for luxury art products. Their colored pencils, specifically the Luminance line, feature high-quality pigments and excellent lightfastness. While more expensive, these pencils are favored by serious artists for their exceptional performance.
Tips for Maintaining Your Colored Pencils
To keep your colored pencils in optimal condition, proper maintenance is vital. Here are some practical tips to ensure longevity and performance:
Sharpening
Sharpen your colored crayons regularly to achieve a fine point for optimal precision. Use a high-quality sharpener designed for colored crayons to avoid breakage and damaging the wood casing.
Storage
Store your colored crayons in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Using a pencil case or wooden box can prevent breakage and help maintain the integrity of the pencils. To avoid pigmentation leaking onto other pencils, separate different types by placing them in individual compartments.
Regular Cleaning
Keep the tips of your colored crayons clean by occasionally wiping them with a tissue or cloth. This will remove built-up pigment and help maintain their vibrant color application.
Avoid Over-Pressuring
While using colored pencils, avoid applying too much pressure, as it can lead to breakage or damage the tips. Instead, build up layers gradually for a richer and smoother finish.
Common Challenges with Colored Pencils
Even seasoned artists can face challenges when working with colored crayons. Understanding these challenges and learning how to overcome them can significantly improve your skills.
Wax Bloom
Wax bloom occurs when a waxy film forms on the surface of colored pencil artwork, dulling the vibrancy of colors. This is often the result of heavy layering or incorrect storage. To resolve this, gently buff the surface with a soft cloth or use a fixative spray to re-seal the colors.
Blending Difficulties
Sometimes, blending colors to achieve a seamless transition can prove challenging. To improve blending, start with lighter colors and gradually layer darker shades. Using a blending stump or a colorless blender pencil can also yield better results.
Color Matching
Getting the perfect color to match your vision can be frustrating. Creating a color wheel or swatching colors on your paper can help you understand how colors interact and behave on the chosen surface.
Conclusion
Colored pencils are a dynamic and exciting medium that can cater to various artistic expressions. With a rich history, diverse applications, and an array of techniques to explore, colored crayons remain a favorite among artists worldwide. Understanding the different types, knowing the best techniques, and learning to maintain your materials will enhance your artistic journey. Whether you are doodling in a notebook or creating a vibrant masterpiece, colored crayons will continue to inspire creativity and provide endless opportunities for expression.